Country page · Sub-Saharan Africa
If you were born in Eritrea
1 in 1,295 babies · 0.08% of births · about 103,590 a year
Right now, about 0.08% of the world's babies are born in Eritrea — 1 in 1,295, or roughly 103,590 a year and 284 a day. Life expectancy there is 68.9 years.
How the 1 in 1,295 is calculated
This number is not based on population. It uses births: Eritrea has about 103,590 births a year, and the world has about 134,147,481. Divide one by the other and you get 0.08% — 1 in 1,295. Using population instead would understate young countries and overstate ageing ones, so every draw is weighted by births.
Birth odds, country by country
Population and births
Eritrea has 3,607,003 people — 0.04% of the 8,185,260,817 people in this 172-country group, ranking 131st of 172 by population. Its 103,590 births a year are 0.08% of the world's births, so its birth share is 1.75× its population share. A ratio below 1 usually means an older age structure than the group average; above 1 means younger. Population is the 2025 estimate; births use the latest birth rate (2024).
| Measure | Value | Share of world | World rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population (2025) | 3,607,003 | 0.04% | 131st of 172 |
| Births per year (2024) | 103,590 | 0.08% | 103rd of 172 |
| Birth share ÷ population share | 1.75× | — | — |
How the population is changing
Eritrea is changing by 2.00% a year. About 103,590 babies are born and 21,624 people die each year, a natural change of +82K; net migration is -6.7K. Population density is 29 people per km². About 1.2M people live in cities. 37.6% of the population is under 15 and 4.3% is 65 or older.
| Measure | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Annual population growth | 2.00% | 2025 |
| Deaths per year | 21,624 | 2024 |
| Natural change (births − deaths) | +81,966 | 2024 |
| Net migration | -6,698 | 2025 |
| Population density | 29 /km² | 2024 |
| Urban population | 1,245,875 | 2025 |
| Age 0–14 | 37.6% | 2025 |
| Age 15–64 | 58.2% | 2025 |
| Age 65+ | 4.3% | 2025 |
Components use the latest available year for each series and may not add exactly to the published growth rate.
Median age and the 2050 outlook
Eritrea's median age is 19.2 years, against a world median of 30.9. The UN projects 25.0 years by 2050, 5,696,062 people (57.9% more than in 2025), and life expectancy at birth of 74.2 years (women 76.6, men 71.9).
| Year | Population (UN WPP 2024) |
|---|---|
| 1970 | 1,243,453 |
| 2000 | 2,247,031 |
| 2030 | 4,002,672 |
| 2050 | 5,696,062 |
Median age, 2050 population and 2050 life expectancy: UN WPP 2024. The population table above uses the World Bank snapshot; the projection table above uses UN WPP 2024.
Age structure in 2025
Male and female shares of the total population in Eritrea, by age group.
UN WPP 2024, 2025 estimate. Male and female shares are of the total population, so they add to 100%.
Life in Eritrea, in numbers
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy women 70.9 · men 66.8 | 68.9 years | 2024 | 122nd highest of 172 countries |
| Chance of dying before 5 34.3 / 1,000 | 3.4% | 2024 | 119th lowest of 170 countries |
| Chance of dying before 1 24.7 / 1,000 | 2.5% | 2024 | 117th lowest of 170 countries |
| Mothers who die giving birth per 100,000 births | 291 | 2023 | 147th lowest of 170 countries |
| Children per woman | 3.68 | 2024 | 138th lowest of 172 countries |
| Expected years of schooling | 8.0 years | 2015 | 154th highest of 168 countries |
| Tertiary enrollment | 3.2% | 2016 | 159th highest of 168 countries |
| Income per person (PPP) GDP per capita, PPP | $1,742 | 2011 | 165th highest of 170 countries |
| Income inequality closer to 0 = more equal | — | — | — |
| People living in cities | 34.5% | 2025 | 148th highest of 172 countries |
| People working in farming | 55.5% | 2025 | 156th lowest of 171 countries |
| People using the internet | 14.3% | 2020 | 166th highest of 172 countries |
| Homicide per 100,000 people | 15.6 | 2012 | 139th lowest of 155 countries |
| Health costs paid out of pocket share of health spending | 48.4% | 2023 | 135th lowest of 168 countries |
| Adults living with HIV | 0.40% | 2024 | 70th highest of 142 countries |
| People who smoke | — | — | — |
Chance of reaching each age
Of 100 babies born in Eritrea, about 96.7% reach age 5 and 35.6% reach 80. The world averages are 96.5% and 48.3%.
| Age | This country | World |
|---|---|---|
| 5 | 96.7% | 96.5% |
| 20 | 94.7% | 95.1% |
| 40 | 89.6% | 92.0% |
| 60 | 78.1% | 82.9% |
| 80 | 35.6% | 48.3% |
UN WPP 2024 life table, 2025, both sexes combined.
How to read these numbers
Income is shown in purchasing-power-parity dollars, so it compares what money buys locally rather than market exchange rates. The under-5 rate is the share of babies who die before their fifth birthday; the maternal mortality ratio is per 100,000 live births. A Gini index closer to 0 means a more equal income distribution, and a higher number means a more unequal one.
Each indicator uses the most recent year with a non-empty value, which can differ by country; the rank compares this country with the other 171 in the dataset, not with every country on Earth. Where a value is missing, the page shows a dash rather than an estimate. World and regional figures are weighted by population; the under-5 rate is weighted by births.
Eritrea compared with Sub-Saharan Africa
Life expectancy in Eritrea is 68.9 years, against a Sub-Saharan Africa average of 62.8. The under-5 death rate is 3.4%, versus 7.1% across the region. Income per person is $1,742, against $5,782 regionally; expected schooling is 8.0 years against 9.4. 34.5% of people live in cities, against 44.7% in the region.
| Indicator | Eritrea | Sub-Saharan Africa | World |
|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 68.9 years old | 62.8 years old | 73.4 years old |
| Under-5 deaths | 3.4% | 7.1% | 3.8% |
| Income per person (PPP) | $1,742 | $5,782 | $25,560 |
| Expected schooling | 8.0 years | 9.4 years | 12.5 years |
| People in cities | 34.5% | 44.7% | 57.8% |
What a life there looks like
Put those numbers together and you get a life: about 68.9 years on average, with roughly 34.3 of every 1,000 babies dying before their fifth birthday. A child can expect 8.0 years of school, and income per person is around $1,742. These are averages — every life still lands somewhere on the distribution.
If you play as someone born in Eritrea
The game draws Eritrea in about 1 of every 1,295 births. From there the life runs year by year: 68.9 years of life expectancy on average, a 3.4% chance of dying before five, and an income of about $1,742 per person. Choices move the odds; the starting statistics do not.
How the life simulator works · How a life is played · Install it on your home screen
Frequently asked questions
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Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, with UN World Population Prospects 2024 and UN IGME for births and mortality. Values are the most recent non-empty year for each indicator; the year is noted where it differs. Page updated Oct 25, 2026.